环境行政执法难的理性分析与实践对策

环境行政执法难是非常态法律现象。从哲学的高度对环境行政执法难进行理性分析，环境行政执法难是多因素群共创的结果。对环境行政执法难的内外因进行解构，分清主次，着重解决影响环境执法难的主因，并适当关注影响环境执法难的助因，同时基于应然立场提出解决问题的实践进路。     

论水污染物排放许可证制度的法律规制——《中华人民共和国行政许可法》在水污染防治中的作用

我国部分地方规定了水污染物排放许可证制度,由于此类法律文件法律效力的低层级性,制约着水污染防治的司法与执法实践。提高设定该制度法律文件效力位阶,不仅可以解决调整该制度法制不统一状况,而且为其进行法律规制提供了直接、具体的法律依据。对促使排污主体科学、合理排污将起到积极作用。     

Evaluation of the Reading, PA nighttime safety belt enforcement campaign: September 2004

PROBLEM: Safety belt use rates among front seat occupants of passenger vehicles are substantially lower at night than during the day despite the fact that night driving is more dangerous. METHOD: Recent advances in night vision equipment now make it possible to enforce belt use laws in darkness. Reading, Pennsylvania conducted a night belt use publicity and enforcement campaign during September 2004 using night vision equipment. RESULTS: Front seat occupant belt use at night increased significantly from 50% prior to the campaign to 56% just after the campaign. Daylight belt use also increased though to a lesser extent (56% to 59%). Survey data indicated that motorists had heard about the campaign in newspapers and on television. Belt use increases were not seen during the same time period in a comparison community.     

A research agenda for increasing safety belt use in the United States

On November 13-14, 2003, a symposium on high-visibility safety belt use enforcement in Raleigh, NC: (a) celebrated the 10th anniversary of North Carolina's Click It or Ticket program; (b) documented current knowledge regarding safety belt use; (c) proposed strategies to increase use further; and (d) discussed research to support these strategies.     

中美环境执法与经济处罚的比较分析

对中美环境执法的制度背景、实施以及经济处罚三方面进行了对比,结果发现,中国的环境执法尚有诸多需要进一步改进和改善的地方.通过比较,为中国的环境执法提供了一些参考建议,包括加强环境法制建设、增强环境法律的可执行性,加强国家环境保护总局的监督、协调与执法能力,加强环境执法机构建设和提高违法经济处罚额度等.      

对某工地一起工伤事故的思考

根据某工地一名工人因开挖作业而被活埋致死这一事故 ,论述了作好安全工作防止事故的前提条件和必要的预防、检查、控制、措施及程序。     

论环境行政强制执行程序

正确运用和进一步完善环境行政强制执行程序是加强环境法制建设、推进环保工作法制化、实现“十五”环保工作目标的一个重要方面。本文结合最高人民法院《若干解释》论述了环境行政机关申请人民法院强制执行的具体程序、注意的问题以及完善环境行政强制执行程序的几点建议。     

Governmental Provisions to Manage and Eradicate Feral Swine in Areas of the United States

Feral swine (wild hogs) are one of the most widely distributed free-ranging mammals in the world. In the United States, feral swine serve as game animals for the sport of hunting in some areas, while they are nuisance species at other locations. Increasing feral swine populations creates negative impacts to growing crops, native plant communities, and wildlife. Feral swine can also serve as reservoirs for a number of bacterial and viral diseases that can infect wild animals, livestock, and humans. The US state governments are adopting statutes and regulations to reduce the growth and dispersal of feral swine populations. An analysis of these provisions suggests that while they seek to control feral swine populations, they are unlikely to provide any significant relief from damages to crops and native ecosystems. More localized reduction plans and a national disease control program are suggested to assuage damages being wrought by these invasive animals.     

新《环境保护法》的亮点、不足与展望

十二届全国人大常委会第八次会议表决通过了修订后的《环境保护法》,是中国环境法治建设的重要成就。新《环境保护法》与原《环境保护法》相比具有诸多亮点,如体现和贯彻了"保护优先"的理念,规定了生态保护红线制度、环境与健康监测调查和风险评估制度,明确了环境公益诉讼原告,规定了按日处罚制度。但也存在一些不足之处,如新《环境保护法》仍属管理法而非权利法、没有触及环境保护监督管理体制、环境保护法律体系缺乏合理协调、立法技术不够完善等。今后《环境保护法》的发展应注重从管理法向权利法转变、强化地方监管和建立区域性监管、协调环境保护法律体系。     

论独立环境监察执法体制与机制的建构

通过实证考察可知,目前我国环境监察执法体制有自身的特点,同时也存在一些缺陷,制约了生态环境执法的有效性。独立环境监察执法体制是应对执法困境的良药,该体制具有特殊的内涵,其既具有理论基础也具有政策依据。在分析域外环境执法的经验基础上,针对我国环境执法体制存在的问题,独立环境监察执法体制与机制的建构应当遵循以下路径。首先,独立环境监察执法体制与机制的建构应当遵循合法、效能与环境执法特殊性相契合的原则。其次,建议通过保障组织机构的独立,扩充环保部门的权力,加强环境执法的财政保障以及确立环境执法的独立责任等措施构建起独立环境监察执法体制。再次,通过规范的程序机制、确立综合协调机制、强化责任追究机制、协调激励和制约机制、优化公众参与机制、探索建立环保警察制度等措施完善环境监察执法机制。最后,独立环境监察执法体制与机制需要法律保障。